Benin Bronze
The Case for Keeping the Benin Bronzes in the West
In 1897, members of the British military in what is now Nigeria -- members of the colonizing force, essentially -- removed many pieces of bronze statuary and other pieces from the country and brought their cache to Europe (Opoku, 2008; Cremer, 2011). From here, the pieces were dispersed to a variety of museums and collections, with substantial shares in the British Museum and in Austria but with many major museums throughout the West (and elsewhere) claiming ownership of certain pieces (Opoku,2008; Cremer, 2011). Despite continual insistence that the pieces remain the property of the royal Benin family (or alternatively to the Nigerian state) from which the pieces were stolen as indigenous cultural artifacts and evidence of the strong and sophisticated society that colonization disrupted, the pieces have remained in the West for a variety of reasons; the merits of several of these arguments are assessed below (Opoku, 2008; Cremer, 2011; DebateWise, 2011).
Arguments for Western Retention
Though there is a general consensus amongst the nations of the globe and within international organizations that ancient and historic artifacts should be under the control of the nations form whence they came, many...
Whether or not these arguments are truly valid is another question. In truth, some of the arguments that have been made for keeping the Benin Bronzes in the West are quite strong, while others are decidedly less so.
The strongest arguments that can be made for continuing to keep the Benin Bronzes in the hands of the West and out of Nigeria are the need to protect the artifacts from theft, destruction, or other untoward action, and the need to grant and ensure appropriate access to the pieces for scholars and for public viewers (DebateWise, 2011). Due to the political instability and
corruption that remains a major problem in the Nigerian state, there is a strong likelihood that something would happen to any pieces returned to the country that would effectively hide them from the rest of the world, including from most Nigerians, and even that pieces could potentially be lost or destroyed in any number of potential coups, uprisings, or internal thefts. The
risk that the Benin Bronzes would cease to be an object of scholarly study or public fascination is, according to some, too great to allow the serious consideration of returning the pieces to the control of any Nigerian powers…
